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SummaryMilestones & IncidentsRisk summaryRisk analysisRollup stageTechnologyState derivationOperatorWithdrawalsPermissionsSmart contracts

DeGate Legacy logoDeGate Legacy

This project is archived.
This project is in shutdown mode and no longer active.

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About

DeGate is an app-specific ZK Rollup that enables a trustless, fast and low-fee decentralized order book exchange, helping users to trade easy and sleep easy. DeGate smart contracts are forked from Loopring V3.

Value Locked
$0.000.00%
Canonically Bridged
$0.00
Externally Bridged
$0.00
Natively Minted
$0.00
  • Tokens
  • Daily TPS
  • 30D tx count
  • Stage
    Stage 2
  • Type
    ZK Rollup
  • Purpose
    Exchange
    • Sequencer failureState validationData availabilityExit windowProposer failure

    Badges

    About

    DeGate is an app-specific ZK Rollup that enables a trustless, fast and low-fee decentralized order book exchange, helping users to trade easy and sleep easy. DeGate smart contracts are forked from Loopring V3.

    Milestones & Incidents

    DeGate DEX Launches Mainnet Beta

    2023 May 3rd

    DeGate launches mainnet beta with a deposit cap and a program to recover eventual user losses.

    Learn more
    Risk summary

    Users can be censored if

    1. the operator refuses to include their transactions. However, there exists a mechanism to independently exit the system.

    MEV can be extracted if

    1. the operator exploits their centralized position and frontruns user transactions.
    Risk analysis
    Sequencer failureState validationData availabilityExit windowProposer failure

    Sequencer failure

    Force via L1

    Users can force the sequencer to include a withdrawal transaction by submitting a request through L1 with a 0.01 ETH fee. If the sequencer is down for more than 15d, users can use the exit hatch to withdraw their funds. The sequencer can censor individual deposits, but in such case after 15d users can get their funds back.

    State validation

    ZK proofs (SN)

    SNARKs are zero knowledge proofs that ensure state correctness, but require trusted setup.

    Data availability

    Onchain

    All of the data needed for proof construction is published on Ethereum L1.

    Exit window

    ∞

    Users can exit funds at any time because contracts are not upgradeable.

    Proposer failure

    Use escape hatch

    Users are able to trustlessly exit by submitting a Merkle proof of funds.

    Rollup stage
    DeGate LegacyDeGate Legacy is a
    Stage 2
    ZK Rollup.

    Learn more about Rollup stages
    Please keep in mind that these stages do not reflect rollup security, this is an opinionated assessment of rollup maturity based on subjective criteria, created with a goal of incentivizing projects to push toward better decentralization. Each team may have taken different paths to achieve this goal.
    Technology

    Validity proofs ensure state correctness

    Each update to the system state must be accompanied by a ZK proof that ensures that the new state was derived by correctly applying a series of valid user transactions to the previous state. These proofs are then verified on Ethereum by a smart contract.

    1. Operator - DeGate design doc

    Zero knowledge SNARK cryptography is used

    Despite their production use zkSNARKs are still new and experimental cryptography. Cryptography has made a lot of advancements in the recent years but all cryptographic solutions rely on time to prove their security. In addition zkSNARKs require a trusted setup to operate.

    • Funds can be stolen if the cryptography is broken or implemented incorrectly.

    1. Operator - DeGate design doc

    All data required for proofs is published on chain

    All the data that is used to construct the system state is published on chain in the form of cheap calldata. This ensures that it will always be available when needed.

    1. Introduction - DeGate design doc
    State derivation
    Node software

    Node software source code can be found here.

    Compression scheme

    No compression is used.

    Genesis state

    The system does not begin with a genesis state; instead, it initiates from a zero state, as referenced in CreateEmptyState.

    Data format

    DeGate bundles off-chain transactions into zkBlocks and submits them to the blockchain. zkBlock data definition is documented here.

    Operator

    The system has a centralized operator

    The operator is the only entity that can propose blocks. A live and trustworthy operator is vital to the health of the system.

    • MEV can be extracted if the operator exploits their centralized position and frontruns user transactions.

    1. ExchangeV3.sol#L341-L348 - DeGate source code
    2. LoopringIOExchangeOwner.sol#L98-L101 - DeGate source code

    Users can force exit the system

    Force exit allows the users to escape censorship by withdrawing their funds. The system allows users to force the withdrawal of funds by submitting a request directly to the contract on-chain. The request must be served within a defined time period. If this does not happen, the system will halt regular operation and permit trustless withdrawal of funds.

    • Users can be censored if the operator refuses to include their transactions. However, there exists a mechanism to independently exit the system.

    1. Forced Withdrawals - DeGate design doc
    Withdrawals

    Regular exit

    The user initiates the withdrawal by submitting a regular transaction on this chain. When the block containing that transaction is proven the funds become available for withdrawal on L1. Finally the user submits an L1 transaction to claim the funds. This transaction does not require a merkle proof.

    1. Withdraw - DeGate design doc

    Forced exit

    If the user experiences censorship from the operator with regular exit they can submit their withdrawal requests directly on L1. The system is then obliged to service this request. Once the force operation is submitted and if the request is serviced, the operation follows the flow of a regular exit.

    1. Forced Request Handling - DeGate design doc
    2. ExchangeV3.sol#L392 - DeGate source code, forceWithdraw function

    Emergency exit

    If the 15d deadline passes and the forced exit is still ignored the user can put the system into Withdrawal Mode, disallowing further state updates. In that case everybody can withdraw by submitting a merkle proof of their funds with their L1 transaction.

    1. Forced Request Handling - DeGate design doc
    2. ExchangeV3.sol#L420 - DeGate source code, withdrawFromMerkleTree function
    Permissions

    The system uses the following set of permissioned addresses:

    DefaultDepositContract Owner 0x2028…da52

    This address is the owner of the following contracts: LoopringIOExchangeOwner, LoopringV3, DefaultDepositContract. Can add or remove block submitters. Can change the forced withdrawal fee up to 0.25 ETH. Can change a way that balance is calculated per contract during the deposit, allowing the support of non-standard tokens.

    Used in:

    BlockVerifier Owner 0xd8C6…2e0F

    This address is the owner of the BlockVerifier contract.

    Block Submitters (2) 0x84A0…70a00xE9A3…b77C

    Actors who can submit new blocks, updating the L2 state on L1.

    Smart contracts

    The system consists of the following smart contracts on the host chain (Ethereum):

    ExchangeV3 0xe636…4eD5

    Main ExchangeV3 contract.

    LoopringIOExchangeOwner 0x6B93…aE83

    Contract used by the Prover to submit exchange blocks with zkSNARK proofs that are later processed and verified by the BlockVerifier contract.

    DefaultDepositContract 0x814d…d1dA

    ERC 20 token basic deposit contract. Handles user deposits and withdrawals. This contract can store any token.

    LoopringV3 0x4d70…c458

    Contract for setting exchange fee parameters.

    BlockVerifier 0x1c60…4C9e

    zkSNARK Verifier based on ethsnarks library.

    Value Locked is calculated based on these smart contracts and tokens:

    Generic escrow 0x814d…d1dA